Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a common dental condition that affects the gums and surrounding structures. It starts with the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. Over time, if not removed through proper oral hygiene practices like brushing and flossing, this plaque hardens into tartar.
The presence of tartar along the gum line leads to inflammation and irritation of the gums. This initial stage is called gingivitis and is characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding during brushing or flossing. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis.
In periodontitis, the infection spreads below the gumline and begins to destroy the supporting tissues and bones that hold our teeth in place. As a result, pockets form between the teeth and gums, which trap more plaque and bacteria. This further exacerbates the condition.
If left untreated for an extended period, periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss as well as other complications such as abscesses or systemic health issues like heart disease or diabetes.
Regular dental checkups are crucial in detecting early signs of gum disease so it can be treated promptly, before it progresses further. In addition to professional cleanings performed by your dentist or dental hygienist every three to six months (depending on your individual needs), maintaining good oral hygiene at home is essential for preventing periodontal disease.